Insomnia and sleep disorders

Insomnia is a symptom of a sleep disorder characterized by persistent difficulty falling asleep or stay asleep. It is typically followed by a functional imbalance during waking hours. People with insomnia often complain of being unable to close their eyes or rest their minds for more than a few minutes.

Insomnia

Transient insomnia:
may last for several days until a few weeks
may be caused by another disorder, by changes of the environment in which you sleep, the time of sleep or stress
can lead to drowsiness and altered psychomotor

Acute insomnia:
or the inability to have a sleep for a considerable period of between 3 weeks and 6 months

Chronic insomnia:
can last for a few years
may be caused by another disorder or be the primary disorder
depending on the cause, can lead to drowsiness, muscle fatigue, hallucinations and / or mental fatigue

Types of insomnia

Initial insomnia:
difficulty in falling asleep at night
often associated with anxiety disorders

Insomnia Rating:
or nocturnal awakenings
characterized by difficulty returning to sleep after being awakened in the middle of the night or early in the morning
often associated with panic syndrome and other diseases

Insomnia Final
awakening in the morning
characteristic of clinical depression

Insomnia can be caused by several factors, such as:
Psychoactive drugs or stimulants
Hormonal changes, such as those that precede menstruation and those during menopause
Problems in daily life, such as fear, stress, anxiety, emotional or mental tension, work problems, etc..
Mental disorders like clinical depression, schizophrenia, generalized anxiety disorder, etc..
Circadian rhythm disturbances, such as shift work or jet leg
Levels of estrogen in women: a sudden drop in estrogen levels, fluctuations or periods of low estrogen
Some neurological disorders, brain injury
Disorders such as hyperthyroidism and Wilson's syndrome
Abuse of sleeping pills can produce a rebound insomnia
Parasonnie

OTHER DISORDERS OF SLEEP

A sleep disorder is an alteration of the mechanisms of sleep, probably generated by abnormalities of the mechanisms that regulate sleep-wake rhythm. Some sleep disorders can be serious enough to interfere with normal bodily functions, mental and emotional

There are two types of disorders: dissonnie and parasonnie.

The dissonnie are a group of disorders that interfere with the beginning or the continuation of sleep and then cause an alteration of the quantity, quality or speed. The dissonnie include:
insomnia
hypersomnia
narcolepsy
disturbances of sleep-related breathing
disturbance of circadian rhythm sleep

The parasonnie are a set of unwanted phenomena predominantly related to dreams. Among the parasonnie are:
nightmare disorder
pavor nocturnus
sleepwalking
syndrome of restless legs
bruxismo
nocturnal enuresis

The most common sleep disorder

Bruxismo:
involuntary grinding or rubbing the teeth during sleep
probably caused by stress

Nocturnal enuresis:
inability to control the leakage of urine during sleep
phenomenon common in children under 6 years

Sleepwalking:
conducting activities normally associated with wakefulness, which may include walking, without the knowledge of the subject

Hypersomnia:
characterized by the need to sleep a number of hours above the average, difficulty waking up in the morning, need to sleep during the day with nap of about 1 hours but not restaurants, nervousness and confusion on awakening

Narcolepsy:
excessive sleepiness during waking hours, even though the person had enough sleep the night

Disturbance of circadian rhythm:
family of sleep disorders affecting the timing of sleep
characterized by the inability to sleep on time socially acceptable

Disorder nightmares:
during the second half of the night
causes terrifying dreams, which are characterized by vivid images and very emotional, bringing the person to wake up
Pavor nocturnus:
or night terror
rude awakening that do with the crisis of anguish

Periodic limb movement (PLMD):
sudden involuntary movements of arms and / or legs during sleep

Restless Legs Syndrome:
irresistible need to move your legs
characterized by a feeling of discomfort in the legs, tingling, cramps, restlessness, itching, sometimes even hard to keep your legs still, and an irresistible need to move as soon as you go to sleep

Nocturnal obstructive apnea:
airway obstruction during sleep that causes a lack of sufficient sleep, often accompanied by snoring
Syndrome ipopneica
anomaly of breath
weak breath or low respiratory rate during sleep

Sleep paralysis:
characterized by temporary paralysis of the body shortly before or after sleep
may be accompanied by visual hallucinations, auditory or tactile

The sleep disorder may be caused by:
lifestyle changes
backache
chronic pain
sciatica
neck pain
mess
incontinence
some drugs
endocrine imbalances mainly related to cortisol, but also hormonal changes during menstruation or menopause
chronobiology disorders

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